Total expense from all establishments increased to PhP 120.59 billion
The total expense incurred by establishments in 2021 amounted to PhP 120.59 billion.
This was higher by 1.8 percent from the PhP 118.50 billion expense in the previous
year. However, the value is still far from the pre-pandemic total expense of
PhP 347.83 billion in 2019. (Figure 1, Table C and Table D)
Services generated the highest revenue at PhP 79.20 billion
By broad industry group, Services was the top earner with PhP 79.20 billion or
55.5 percent of the region’s total revenue in 2021. Industry followed with
PhP 62.43 billion (43.7% share), while Agriculture generated the lowest total revenue
in 2021 amounting to PhP 1.17 billion (0.8% share). (Figure 2 and Table A)
The decrease in the regional total revenue was contributed by the decline in the
generated total revenue of both Services and Industry sectors. In the Services sector,
its total revenue was lower by PhP 2.32 billion with negative growth of 2.8 percent
from PhP 81.52 billion in 2020. Likewise, total revenue for Industry decreased by
PhP 0.16 billion or negative growth of 0.2 percent from PhP 62.60 billion revenue
generated in 2020. (Figure 2 and Table B)
On the other hand, the total revenue from the Agriculture sector generated an increase
of PhP 0.46 billion. This translates to an annual growth of 64.9 percent from
PhP 0.71 billion in 2020. (Figure 2 and Table B)
Services incurred the highest expense at PhP 70.50 billion
Looking into the expenses incurred by broad industry group, Services incurred the
highest expense in 2021 amounting to PhP 70.50 billion or 58.5 percent of the region’s
total expenses. The Industry sector came next with total expense amounting to
PhP 48.92 billion (40.6% share), while the Agriculture sector incurred the lowest total
expense of PhP 1.17 billion (1.0% share). (Figure 3 and Table C)
The increase in the regional total expense was contributed by the uptick on the
generated total revenue of both Industry and Agriculture sectors. The total expense
incurred by the Industry sector went up by PhP 6.28 billion with annual growth of
14.7 percent from PhP 42.64 billion in 2020. Likewise, the total expense for Agriculture
increased by PhP 0.34 billion with annual growth of 41.5 percent from the total
payments amounting to PhP 0.83 billion in 2020. (Figure 3 and Table D)
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles
generated the highest revenue
Among 18 sections, Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and
Motorcycles generated the highest revenue of PhP 59.29 billion or 41.5 percent to the
regional total revenue generated in 2021. This was followed by Manufacturing with
total revenue of PhP 32.24 billion (22.6% share) and Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air
Conditioning Supply with total revenue of PhP 14.79 billion or (10.4% share).
(Figure 4 and Table A)
Meanwhile, the Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation section had the lowest generated
revenue of PhP 0.13 billion (0.1% share) in 2021. This was followed by the
Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities section with PhP 0.18 billion
(0.1% share), and the Other Service Activities section with PhP 0.20 billion
(0.1% share). (Figure 4 and Table B)
In terms of the increase in total revenue by section from 2020, the Wholesale and
Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles section posted the highest
increase of PhP 3.76 billion or 6.8 percent annual growth from the reported total
revenue of PhP 55.54 billion in 2020. The Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning
Supply, and the Mining and Quarrying sections came next, projecting a corresponding
increase of PhP 2.95 billion (24.9% annual growth) and PhP 1.79 billion (18.1% annual
growth) from their reported revenues in the previous year. (Table B)
Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles incurred
the highest expense
Among 18 sections, Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and
Motorcycles incurred the highest expense of PhP 55.00 billion or 45.6 percent to the
regional total expenses incurred in 2021. This was followed by revenues from
Manufacturing with total revenue of PhP 23.85 billion (19.8% share) and Electricity,
Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply with total revenue of PhP 15.25 billion or
(12.6% share). (Figure 5 and Table C)
Meanwhile, the Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation section had the lowest incurred
expense of PhP 0.11 billion (0.1% share) in 2021. This was followed by expenses
incurred by Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities section with
PhP 0.15 billion (0.1% share), and the Other Service Activities section with
PhP 0.17 billion (0.1% share). (Figure 5 and Table D)
The top three sections with the highest increase in expense from 2020, were
Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply with an increase of
PhP 4.44 billion (41.1% annual growth), Wholesale and Retail Trade;
Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles projecting an increase of PhP 2.51 billion
(4.8% annual growth), and Construction with an additional PhP 0.67 billion
(42.2% annual growth). (Table D)
Small establishments generated the highest revenue
Among employment groupings, small establishments accounted for the highest
portion to the total revenue with PhP 59.69 billion or 41.8 percent of the MIMAROPA
Region’s total revenue in 2021. Large and micro establishments followed with a
corresponding share of PhP 47.99 billion (33.6% share) and PhP 26.02 billion
(18.2% share). Medium establishments, on the other hand, generated the least total
revenue with PhP 9.11 billion (6.4% share). (Figure 6 and Table E)
Medium establishments increased in the total revenue by PhP 4.11 billion or
82.3 percent annual growth relative from their total revenue of PhP 5.00 billion in 2020.
Whereas, the decline in the total revenue generated from large, micro and
small establishments by PhP 4.39 billion (8.4% negative growth), PhP 0.90 billion
(3.3% negative growth), and PhP 0.84 billion (1.4% negative growth), respectively,
contributed to the decrease in the regional total revenue. (Figure 6 and Table E)
Small establishments incurred the highest expense
Small establishments spent the highest of PhP 54.33 billion or 45.1 percent of the
region’s total expense in 2021. Moreover, large and micro establishments followed
with a total expense of PhP 35.87 billion (29.7% share), and PhP 21.98 billion
(18.2% share), respectively. Meanwhile, medium establishments paid the least
expense at PhP 8.41 billion (7.0% share). (Figure 7 and Table F)
Among employment groupings, medium and micro establishments contributed to the
increase in the total expense relative to 2020. Payments made by medium
establishments went up by PhP 3.81 billion or 82.7 percent annual growth relative to
their total expense of PhP 4.60 billion in 2020. Similarly, micro establishments
incurred an additional PhP 1.44 billion or 7.0 percent annual growth relative to their
reported total payments of PhP 20.53 billion in the previous year. (Figure 7 and
Table F)
TECHNICAL NOTES
2021 Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry
I. Introduction
I.1. Background of the Survey
The Annual Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI), one of the designated
statistical activities of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), generates essential statistics
for economic planning and analysis. It is specifically designed to collect and generate
information on the levels, structure, performance, and trends of economic activities of the
formal sector of the country’s economy.
The 2021 ASPBI is the 49th in the series of annual surveys of establishments in the
country. It was conducted nationwide in April 2022 with 2021 as reference period. In this round
of the ASPBI, the 2021 Survey on Information and Communications (SICT) is a rider to this
survey.
The conduct of the 2021 ASPBI is authorized under Republic Act No. 10625, known
as the Philippine Statistical Act of 2013, which mandates the PSA to collect, compile, analyze,
and publish statistical information relating to the country’s economic condition.
I.2. Objectives
The 2021 ASPBI aims to collect and generate information on the levels, structure,
performance, and trends of economic activities of the formal sector of the economy for the
year 2021. Specifically, the 2021 ASPBI aims to:
1. collect and generate detailed information on employment, revenue, expense,
inventories, tangible fixed assets, intangible assets, and total assets of the
establishments,
2. generate estimates for other economic indicators such as value added, average
compensation, and other indicators which are necessary to evaluate the performance
of industries at the national and regional levels,
3. generate statistics for micro, small, and medium establishments (MSME) where
identification of MSME is based on total employment, and
4. gather pertinent information for the updating of the sampling frame of establishment-
based surveys.
I.3. Historical Information on the Survey
Annual surveys are usually conducted a year after the reference year. Except for the
survey conducted in 2002, the year in the survey title refers to the reference year. The following
are the annual surveys conducted:
1. 1956 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) – First annual survey of establishments
undertaken since the Bureau of Census and Statistics (BCS) was established in 1940.
It was conducted jointly by the National Economic Council (now the National Economic
and Development Authority or NEDA) and the BCS with technical assistance provided
by the International Cooperation Administration (ICA) of the United States (US). The
ICA is the predecessor of the now US Agency for International Development (USAID).
2. 1957 ASM – This was also conducted jointly by NEDA and BCS.
3. 1958 ASM – This survey was integrated as a regular activity of the BCS.
4. 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, and 1966 ASM – Annual Surveys of
Manufactures were conducted for these years.
5. 1965 Annual Survey of Wholesale and Retail Trade (ASWRT) was conducted for the
City of Manila only. The 1966 ASWRT was expanded to cover both the City of Manila
and suburbs, but there were no available publications.
6. 1968 and 1969 – The ASM and the ASWRT were conducted.
7. The 1968 ASWRT was the start of the annual series for wholesale and retail trade at
the national level.
8. 1970 and 1971 Annual Survey of Establishments (ASE) – The scope of the annual
survey was expanded to include the business, utilities, and services sectors, aside
from manufacturing, and wholesale and retail trade.
9. 1973 and 1974 ASE – The coverage of the 1971 ASE was expanded to include Mining
and Quarrying; Construction; and Transportation, Communication and Storage;
Electricity, Gas, and Water; Financing; Insurance; Real Estate and Business Services
were included for the first time in the 1974 ASE.
10. 1976 ASE – The annual survey was conducted for all sectors, which was also the start
of the Annual Surveys of Agriculture, Forestry and Hunting, and Fishing.
11. 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985,1986, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
and 1995 – Annual surveys for all sectors were conducted for these years.
12. 1996 and 1997 ASE – Only one survey was conducted for all sectors to collect data
for two years, 1996 and 1997.
13. 1998 ASE – Annual survey was conducted for all sectors.
14. 2000 – No annual survey was conducted for this reference year.
15. 2001 – The title of the survey for this reference year was renamed as 2002 Annual
Survey of Philippine Business and Industry (ASPBI). This was based on NSCB
Resolution No.3 Series of 2000 which approved the change in the title of Census of
Establishments to 2000 Census of Philippine Business and Industry (CPBI) and
changed the title to the year when the census was undertaken. Thus, the title of the
ASE was changed accordingly to ASPBI.
16. 2002 – No annual survey was undertaken for this reference year.
17. 2003 ASPBI – Starting with the 2003 ASPBI, the year in the survey title referred again
to the reference year. The survey was conducted in 2004.
18. 2004 – No annual survey was undertaken for this reference year.
19. 2005 ASPBI – An annual survey was conducted in 2006 instead of the originally
planned 2005 Census of Philippine Business and Industry.
20. 2007 and 2011 – No annual survey was undertaken for these reference years.
21. 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019 and 2020 ASPBI – The surveys were
conducted for these reference years.
An economic census of establishments was undertaken for reference years 1903,
1918, 1939, 1948, 1961, 1967, 1972, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1994, 1999, 2006, 2012, and 2018. Except for 1999, the title of the census refers to the year the census was conducted.
For these years, no annual surveys were undertaken.
I.4. Scope and Coverage
The 2021 ASPBI covered establishments engaged in 18 sections classified according
to the 2009 Philippine Standard Industrial Classification (PSIC), namely:
1. Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (A)
2. Mining and Quarrying (B)
3. Manufacturing (C)
4. Electricity, Gas, Steam, and Air Conditioning Supply (D)
5. Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management, and Remediation Activities (E)
6. Construction (F)
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles (G)
8. Transportation and Storage (H)
9. Accommodation and Food Service Activities (I)
10. Information and Communication (J)
11. Financial and Insurance Activities (K)
12. Real Estate Activities (L)
13. Professional, Scientific, and Technical Activities (M)
14. Administrative and Support Service Activities (N)
15. Education (P)
16. Human Health and Social Work Activities (Q)
17. Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation (R)
18. Other Service Activities (S)
The survey was confined to the formal sector of the economy, which consists of the
following:
1. Corporations and partnership, regardless of employment size,
2. Cooperatives and foundations, regardless of employment size,
3. Single proprietorships with branches, regardless of employment size, and
4. Single proprietorship with no branches but with total employment (TE) of 10 and over.
Hence, the 2021 ASPBI covered all establishments regardless of employment size,
except those establishments with:
1. Legal Organization of single proprietorship (LO=1),
2. Economic Organization of single establishment (EO=1), and
3. TE of less than 10.
II. Data Collection
II.1. Data Collection
The survey was conducted nationwide in 2022 with 2021 as the reference period,
except for employment where the reference period is as of 15 November 2021.
Distribution and collection of 2021 ASPBI questionnaires were done according to a
timetable set. Distribution was done in April 2022 through personal visits by PSA field staff to
the sample establishments located in the provinces and cities nationwide. The collection of
accomplished questionnaires started one week after distribution.
II.2. Survey Instruments
The 2021 ASPBI utilized seven forms of questionnaires which captured data of sample
establishments engaged in the 18 sections of the economy as defined in the 2009 PSIC. The
seven forms of questionnaires are presented in the table below:
Each form of the survey questionnaire is available in three options. These are the
following:
1. online questionnaire which can be accessed at https://aspbi.psa.gov.ph,
2. electronic copy of the questionnaire, either in portable document format (.pdf) or Excel
(.xlsx) file format, and
3. printed copy of the self-administered questionnaire.
The sample establishment can choose from these options in recording the information
for the data items in the survey questionnaire.
II.3. Data Items
The survey collected data on employment, revenue, expense, sales from e-commerce
transactions, capital expenditure, book value of fixed tangible and intangible assets, average
capacity utilization rate, and inventory.
II.4. Data Processing
To ensure quality of survey reports, several levels of validation following guidelines set
were done during the processing phase of the survey operation.
Computer systems were also developed and used to facilitate the smooth conduct and
monitoring of the survey operation. These were the Monitoring and Tracking System (MTS)
and the Establishment Data Management System (EDMS) which are online systems. The
MTS was used to monitor the real-time progress of the survey operation, which included
distribution, collection, transmittal, manual processing, and data processing of questionnaires,
among others. On the other hand, the EDMS was used in the processing of data and tabulation
of survey results.
III. Methodology
III.1. Sampling Frame
The sampling frame for the 2021 ASPBI was extracted from the preliminary 2021 List
of Establishments (LE) updated as of 24 January 2022. This frame was used to draw the
sample establishments for the survey. The preliminary 2021 LE showed that there were
1,079,093 establishments that were in operation in the country of which 349,071
establishments comprised the sampling frame or the establishments that are within the scope
and coverage of the 2021 ASPBI.
III.2. Sample Selection Procedure
The 2021 ASPBI uses a stratified systematic sampling design with 3-digit or 5-digit
PSIC as the first stratification variable, depending on the section and total employment, which
is classified into Micro, Small, Medium establishments (MSME), as the second stratification
variable.
Stratified systematic sampling is a process of dividing the population into
homogeneous groups, called strata, and then selecting independent samples in each stratum
systematically. This method ensures that all important subgroups of the population are
represented in the sample and increases the precision of “overall” survey estimates.
Domain
The geographic domain of the 2021 ASPBI is the region. The industry domain/stratum
is a 3-digit or 5-digit industry classification, and the employment domain/stratum is the MSME
classification.
Unit of Enumeration
The unit of enumeration for the 2021 ASPBI is the establishment.
III.3. Estimation Procedure
III.3.1. Weights Computation
Base Weight
The base weight is the inverse of the probability of selection. For the ASPBI, the base
weight for each domain is given by:
where whk is the base weight of the k-th establishment in the h-th stratum, Nh is the total
number of establishments in the h-th stratum, nh is the total number of sample establishments
in the h-th stratum, and h refers to the industry-employment stratum.
Adjustment Factor
To take into account the non-responding sample establishments, the adjustment factor by
region and industry section is as follows:
where Ah refers to the adjustment factor in the h-th stratum, whk is the base weight of the k-th
establishment in the h-th stratum, X1hk is the eligibility status of the k-th sample establishment
in the h-th stratum (i.e., 1 if eligible, 0 otherwise), X2hk is the responding status of the k-th
sample establishment in the h-th stratum, nh is the total number of sample establishments in
the h-th stratum, and n’h is the total number of eligible sample establishments in the h-th
stratum, that is,
Final Weight
The final weight is the product of the base weight and adjustment factor. That is,
where wfhk is the final weight of the k-th establishment in the h-th stratum, Ahk is the adjustment
factor of the k-th establishment in the h-th stratum, and whk is the base weight of the k-th
establishment in the h-th stratum.
III.3.2. Estimation of Total
Total by Industry-Employment Stratum (h)
The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each industry-employment stratum (h) in a
region (geographic domain) is given by:
where yhk is the value of the k-th establishment in the h-th stratum, wfhk is the final weight of
the k-th establishment in the h-th stratum, and n’’h is the total number of establishments in the
h-th stratum, that is,
Total by Industry Stratum per Region
The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each industry stratum in a region is given by:
where r is the subscript for geographic domain, hi is the number of employment strata for the
i-th industry stratum, and ni is the number of employment stratum for the i-th industry stratum.
Total by Employment Stratum per Region
The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each employment stratum for the regional
domain is given by:
where hj is the number of industry strata for the employment stratum j, r is the subscript for
geographic domain, and nj is the number of responding sample establishments in the j-th
employment stratum.
Total by Geographic Domain
The estimator for the total of a characteristic in each geographic domain is given by:
where Ir is the total number of industry strata in geographic domain r, and Jr is the total number
of employment data in geographic domain r.
Total by Industry Stratum (National)
The estimator for the national total of a characteristic in each industry domain/stratum is given
by:
where R is the total number of regions.
Total by Employment Stratum (National)
The estimator for the national total of a characteristic in each employment domain/stratum is
given by:
where R is the total number of regions.
National Total
The estimator for the national total of a characteristic is given by:
where I is the total number of industry strata, and J is the total number of employment strata.
IV. Concepts and Definition of Terms
An establishment is defined as an economic unit under a single ownership or control
which engages in one or predominantly one kind of economic activity at a single fixed location.
An establishment is categorized by its economic organization, legal organization, industrial
classification, employment size, and geographic location.
Geographic Classification refers to the grouping of establishments by geographic
area using the Philippine Standard Geographic Code (PSGC) classification. The PSGC
contains the latest updates on the official number of regions, provinces, cities, municipalities,
and barangays in the Philippines. The PSGC as of 31 December 2021 was used for the 2021
ASPBI.
Size of an establishment is determined by its total employment as of the time of visit
during the latest Updating of the List of Establishments.
Total Employment (TE) refers to the total number of persons who work in or for the
establishment. This includes paid employees, working owners, unpaid workers, and all
employees who work full-time or part-time including seasonal workers. Also included are
persons on short-term leave such as those on sick, vacation or annual leaves, and on strike.
Expense is the cost incurred by the establishment during the year whether paid or
payable. This is treated on a consumed basis. Valuation is at purchaser price including taxes
and other charges, net of rebates, returns, and allowances. Goods and services received by
the establishment from other establishments of the same enterprise are valued as though
purchased.
Revenue is the cash received and receivables for goods/products and by-products
sold and services rendered. Valuation is at producer prices (ex-establishment) net of discounts
and allowances, including duties and taxes but excluding subsidies.
Salaries and wages are payments in cash or in kind to all employees, prior to
deductions for employee’s contributions to SSS/GSIS, withholding tax, etc. Included are total
basic pay, overtime pay, and other benefits.
V. Dissemination of Results and Revision
The results of the 2021 ASPBI are disseminated through the posting of Special Releases and
electronic publications on the PSA website, and final statistical tables in OpenStat. The
updating or revisions on data were done upon finalizing the results of the 2021 ASPBI data.
This Special Release presents the results of the 2021 ASPBI for All Establishments (Economy-
wide) in the MIMAROPA Region. Data are presented by section or 1-digit classification as classified under the 2009 PSIC.
